Behandling av MIBC, lokoregional sykdom og UTUC

Sist oppdatert: 21.09.2023
Utgiver: Helsedirektoratet
Versjon: 1.0
Kopier lenke til dette emnet
Foreslå endringer/gi kommentarer

Alle pasienter med muskelinfiltrerende sykdom og hvor det planlegges kurativ behandling skal vurderes i multidisiplinært team MDT for å skreddersy optimal behandling. Dette gjelder særskilt vurdering for kjemoterapi før cystektomi.

Anbefalinger:

  • Pasienter hvor det planlegges radikal cystektomi eller radikal strålebehandling skal vurderes i multidisiplinært team for å skreddersy optimal behandling inkludert neo­adjuvant behandling.

Referanser 

Aboumohamed, A. A., Krane, L. S., & Hemal, A. K. (2015). Oncologic Outcomes Following Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy with Bladder Cuff Excision for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma. The Journal of urology, 194(6), 1561-6.
Advanced Bladder Cancer (ABC) Meta-analysis Collaboration (2005). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in invasive bladder cancer: update of a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data advanced bladder cancer (ABC) meta-analysis collaboration. European urology, 48(2), 202-205.
Alanee, S., Alvarado-Cabrero, I., Murugan, P., Kumar, R., Nepple, K. G., Paner, G. P., ... Konety, B. R. (2019). Update of the International Consultation on Urological Diseases on bladder cancer 2018: non-urothelial cancers of the urinary bladder. World The Journal of urology, 37(1), 107-114.
Bajorin, D. F., Witjes, J. A., Gschwend, J. E., Schenker, M., Valderrama, B. P., Tomita, Y., ... Galsky, M. D. (2021). Adjuvant Nivolumab versus Placebo in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma. The New England journal of medicine, 384(22), 2102-2114.
Bellmunt, J., Hussain, M., Gschwend, J. E., Albers, P., Oudard, S., Castellano, D., ... Powles, T. (2021). Adjuvant atezolizumab versus observation in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (IMvigor010): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. The Lancet. Oncology, 22(4), 525-537.
Berg, S., D'Andrea, D., Vetterlein, M. W., Cole, A. P., Fletcher, S. A., Krimphove, M. J., ... Mossanen, M. (2019). Impact of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with adverse features and variant histology at radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive carcinoma of the bladder: Does histologic subtype matter?. Cancer, 125(9), 1449-1458.
Birtle, A., Johnson, M., Chester, J., Jones, R., Dolling, D., Bryan, R. T., ... Hall, E. (2020). Adjuvant chemotherapy in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (the POUT trial): a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 395(10232), 1268-1277.
Bochner, B. H., Dalbagni, G., Sjoberg, D. D., Silberstein, J., Keren Paz, G. E., Donat, S. M., ... Laudone, V. P. (2015). Comparing Open Radical Cystectomy and Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. European urology, 67(6), 1042-1050.
Bruins, H. M., Veskimae, E., Hernandez, V., Imamura, M., Neuberger, M. M., Dahm, P., ... Witjes, J. A. (2014). The impact of the extent of lymphadenectomy on oncologic outcomes in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: a systematic review. European urology, 66(6), 1065-77.
Bruins, H. M., Visser, O., Ploeg, M., Hulsbergen-van de Kaa, C. A., Kiemeney, L. A., & Witjes, J. A. (2012). The clinical epidemiology of urachal carcinoma: results of a large, population based study. The Journal of urology, 188(4), 1102-7.
Burger, M., Mulders, P., & Witjes, W. (2012). Use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer is low among major European centres: results of a feasibility questionnaire. European urology, 61(5), 1070-1.
Capitanio, U., Shariat, S. F., Isbarn, H., Weizer, A., Remzi, M., Roscigno, M., ... Karakiewicz, P. I. (2009). Comparison of oncologic outcomes for open and laparoscopic nephroureterectomy: a multi-institutional analysis of 1249 cases. European urology, 56(1), 1-9.
Chang, S. S., Hassan, J. M., Cookson, M. S., Wells, N., & Smith, J. A. ,. J. (2003). Delaying radical cystectomy for muscle invasive bladder cancer results in worse pathological stage. The Journal of urology, 170(4 Pt 1), 1085-7.
Choudhury, A., Porta, N., Hall, E., Song, Y. P., Owen, R., MacKay, R., ... Hoskin, P. (2021). Hypofractionated radiotherapy in locally advanced bladder cancer: an individual patient data meta-analysis of the BC2001 and BCON trials. The Lancet. Oncology, 22(2), 246-255.
Choueiri, T. K., Jacobus, S., Bellmunt, J., Qu, A., Appleman, L. J., Tretter, C., ... Rosenberg, J. E. (2014). Neoadjuvant Dose-Dense Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, and Cisplatin With Pegfilgrastim Support in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Cancer: Pathologic, Radiologic, and Biomarker Correlates. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 32(18), 1889-94.
Clements, M. B., Krupski, T. L., & Culp, S. H. (2018). Robotic-Assisted Surgery for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Comparative Survival Analysis. Annals of surgical oncology, 25(9), 2550-2562.
Colin, P., Ouzzane, A., Pignot, G., Ravier, E., Crouzet, S., Ariane, M. M., ... Roupret, M. (2012). Comparison of oncological outcomes after segmental ureterectomy or radical nephroureterectomy in urothelial carcinomas of the upper urinary tract: results from a large French multicentre study. BJU international, 110(8), 1134-41.
Cookson, M. S., Chang, S. S., Wells, N., Parekh, D. J., & Smith, J. A. ,. J. (2003). Complications of radical cystectomy for nonmuscle invasive disease: comparison with muscle invasive disease. The Journal of urology, 169(1), 101-4.
Cutress, M. L., Stewart, G. D., Wells-Cole, S., Phipps, S., Thomas, B. G., & Tolley, D. A. (2012). Long-term endoscopic management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma: 20-year single-centre experience. BJU international, 110(11), 1608-17.
Davidsson, T., Hedlund, H., & Månsson, W. (1996). Detubularized right colonic reservoir with intussuscepted ileal nipple valve or stapled ileal ("Lundiana") outlet. Clinical and urodynamic results in a prospective randomized study. World The Journal of urology, 14(2), 78-84.
Dimarco, D. S., Dimarco, C. S., Zincke, H., Webb, M. J., Bass, S. E., Slezak, J. M., & Lightner, D. J. (2004). Surgical treatment for local control of female urethral carcinoma. Urologic oncology, 22(5), 404-9.
Donat, S. M., Shabsigh, A., Savage, C., Cronin, A. M., Bochner, B. H., Dalbagni, G., ... Milowsky, M. I. (2009). Potential impact of postoperative early complications on the timing of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients undergoing radical cystectomy: a high-volume tertiary cancer center experience. European urology, 55(1), 177-85.
Duan, F., Zhai, W., Zhang, B., & Guo, S. (2020). Urachal carcinoma: Impact of recurrence pattern and lymphadenectomy on long-term outcomes. Cancer medicine, 9(12), 4166-4174.
Efstathiou, J. A., Spiegel, D. Y., Shipley, W. U., Heney, N. M., Kaufman, D. S., Niemierko, A., ... Zietman, A. L. (2012). Long-term outcomes of selective bladder preservation by combined-modality therapy for invasive bladder cancer: the MGH experience. European urology, 61(4), 705-11.
Fahmy, O., Asri, K., Schwentner, C., Stenzl, A., & Gakis, G. (2015). Current status of robotic assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal ileal neobladder for bladder cancer. Journal of surgical oncology, 112(4), 427-9.
Fahmy, O., Khairul-Asri, M. G., Schubert, T., Renninger, M., Malek, R., Kubler, H., ... Gakis, G. (2018). A systematic review and meta-analysis on the oncological long-term outcomes after trimodality therapy and radical cystectomy with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Urologic oncology, 36(2), 43-53.
Fairey, A. S., Kassouf, W., Estey, E., Tanguay, S., Rendon, R., Bell, D., ... Jacobsen, N. E. (2013). Comparison of oncological outcomes for open and laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy: results from the Canadian Upper Tract Collaboration. BJU international, 112(6), 791-7.
Farnham, S. B., & Cookson, M. S. (2004). Surgical complications of urinary diversion. World The Journal of urology, 22(3), 157-67.
Figueroa, A. J., Stein, J. P., Dickinson, M., Skinner, E. C., Thangathurai, D., Mikhail, M. S., ... Skinner, D. G. (1998). Radical cystectomy for elderly patients with bladder carcinoma: an updated experience with 404 patients. Cancer, 83(1), 141-147.
Flammia, R. S., Chierigo, F., Würnschimmel, C., Horlemann, B., Hoeh, B., Sorce, G., ... Karakiewicz, P. I. (2022). Survival benefit of chemotherapy in a contemporary cohort of metastatic urachal carcinoma. Urologic oncology, 40(4), 165.e9-165.e15.
Fleischmann, A., Thalmann, G. N., Markwalder, R., & Studer, U. E. (2005). Extracapsular extension of pelvic lymph node metastases from urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is an independent prognostic factor. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 23(10), 2358-2365.
Freiha, F., Reese, J., & Torti, F. M. (1996). A randomized trial of radical cystectomy versus radical cystectomy plus cisplatin, vinblastine and methotrexate chemotherapy for muscle invasive bladder cancer. The Journal of urology, 155(2), 495-9; discussion 499-500.
Furrer, M. A., Studer, U. E., Gross, T., Burkhard, F. C., Thalmann, G. N., & Nguyen, D. P. (2018). Nerve-sparing radical cystectomy has a beneficial impact on urinary continence after orthotopic bladder substitution, which becomes even more apparent over time. BJU international, 121(6), 935-944.
Gakis, G., Witjes, J. A., Bruins, H. M., Cathomas, R., Compérat, E., Cowan, N. C., van der Heijden, A. G., Hernández, V., Lorch, A., Ribal, M. J., Thalmann, G. N., Veskimäe, E. (2020). Primary Urethral Carcinoma. (7 utg.). Arnhem: EAU Guidelines Office. Hentet fra https://uroweb.org/guideline/primary-urethral-carcinoma/
Ghadjar, P., Burkhard, F. C., Gautschi, O., Thalmann, G. N., & Studer, U. E. (2011). Induction chemotherapy for unresectable urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. BJU international, 107(6), 894-897.
Ghoneim, M. A., & Abol-Enein, H. (2004). Lymphadenectomy with cystectomy: is it necessary and what is its extent?. European urology, 46(4), 457-461.
Gofrit, O. N., Yutkin, V., Shapiro, A., Pizov, G., Zorn, K. C., Hidas, G., ... Pode, D. (2016). The Response of Variant Histology Bladder Cancer to Intravesical Immunotherapy Compared to Conventional Cancer. Frontiers in oncology, 6, 43.
Gregg, R. W., Vera-Badillo, F. E., Booth, C. M., Mahmud, A., Brundage, M., Leveridge, M. J., & Hanna, T. P. (2018). Perioperative chemotherapy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Critical reviews in oncology/hematology, 128, 58-64.
Grossman, H. B., Natale, R. B., Tangen, C. M., Speights, V. O., Vogelzang, N. J., Trump, D. L., ... Crawford, E. D. (2003). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus cystectomy compared with cystectomy alone for locally advanced bladder cancer. The New England journal of medicine, 349(9), 859-66.
Haber, G. P., Campbell, S. C., Colombo, J. R. ,. J., Fergany, A. F., Aron, M., Kaouk, J., & Gill, I. S. (2007). Perioperative outcomes with laparoscopic radical cystectomy: "pure laparoscopic" and "open-assisted laparoscopic" approaches. Urology, 70(5), 910-915.
Hanna, N., Sun, M., Trinh, Q. D., Hansen, J., Bianchi, M., Montorsi, F., ... Karakiewicz, P. I. (2012). Propensity-score-matched comparison of perioperative outcomes between open and laparoscopic nephroureterectomy: a national series. European urology, 61(4), 715-21.
Hautmann, R. E., Volkmer, B. G., Schumacher, M. C., Gschwend, J. E., & Studer, U. E. (2006). Long-term results of standard procedures in urology: the ileal neobladder. World The Journal of urology, 24(3), 305-14.
Hautmann, R. E., de Petriconi, R. C., & Volkmer, B. G. (2010). Lessons learned from 1,000 neobladders: the 90-day complication rate. The Journal of urology, 184(3), 990-4; quiz 1235.
Hautmann, R. E., de Petriconi, R. C., Pfeiffer, C., & Volkmer, B. G. (2012). Radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy: long-term results in 1100 patients. European urology, 61(5), 1039-47.
Hernandez, V., Linares, E., Dunn, J., Yuan, Y., MacLennan, S., Lam, T., ... Witjes, J. A. (2015). What are the oncological and functional outcomes of sexual-function preserving cystectomy compared with standard radical cystectomy in men with bladder cancer? [Protokoll]. PROSPERO, CRD42015020742. Tilgjengelig fra: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42015020742
Herr, H. W., & Scher, H. I. (1990). Surgery of invasive bladder cancer: is pathologic staging necessary?. Seminars in Oncology, 17(5), 590-597.
Herr, H. W., Bochner, B. H., Dalbagni, G., Donat, S. M., Reuter, V. E., & Bajorin, D. F. (2002). Impact of the number of lymph nodes retrieved on outcome in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer. The Journal of urology, 167(3), 1295-8.
Herr, H. W., Donat, S. M., & Bajorin, D. F. (2001). Post-chemotherapy surgery in patients with unresectable or regionally metastatic bladder cancer. The Journal of urology, 165(3), 811-4.
Hoffman, A., Yossepowitch, O., Erlich, Y., Holland, R., & Lifshitz, D. (2014). Oncologic results of nephron sparing endoscopic approach for upper tract low grade transitional cell carcinoma in comparison to nephroureterectomy - a case control study. BMC urology, 14, 97.
Huncharek, M., Muscat, J., & Geschwind, J. F. (1998). Planned preoperative radiation therapy in muscle invasive bladder cancer; results of a meta-analysis. Anticancer research, 18(3B), 1931-1934.
Hussain, S. A., Porta, N., Hall, E., Salawu, A., Lewis, R., Sreenivasan, T., ... James, N. D. (2021). Outcomes in Patients with Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by (Chemo)radiotherapy in the BC2001 Trial. European urology, 79(2), 307-315.
International Collaboration of Trialists, Medical Research Council Advanced Bladder Cancer Working Party, European Organisation for Research, Treatment of Cancer Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Group, Australian Bladder Cancer Study Group, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, ... Parmar, M. K. (2011). International phase III trial assessing neoadjuvant cisplatin, methotrexate, and vinblastine chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: long-term results of the BA06 30894 trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 29(16), 2171-7.
Ito, A., Shintaku, I., Satoh, M., Ioritani, N., Aizawa, M., Tochigi, T., ... Arai, Y. (2013). Prospective randomized phase II trial of a single early intravesical instillation of pirarubicin (THP) in the prevention of bladder recurrence after nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: the THP Monotherapy Study Group Trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 31(11), 1422-7.
James, N. D., Hussain, S. A., Hall, E., Jenkins, P., Tremlett, J., Rawlings, C., ... Huddart, R. A. (2012). Radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The New England journal of medicine, 366(16), 1477-88.
Jia, Z., Chang, X., Li, X., Wang, B., & Zhang, X. (2020). Urachal Carcinoma: Are Lymphadenectomy and Umbilectomy Necessary?. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 26, e927913.
Kamat, A. M., Dinney, C. P., Gee, J. R., Grossman, H. B., Siefker-Radtke, A. O., Tamboli, P., ... Pisters, L. L. (2007). Micropapillary bladder cancer: a review of the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center experience with 100 consecutive patients. Cancer, 110(1), 62-7.
Karnes, R. J., Breau, R. H., & Lightner, D. J. (2010). Surgery for urethral cancer. The Urologic clinics of North America, 37(3), 445-57.
Khan, M. S., Thornhill, J. A., Gaffney, E., Loftus, B., & Butler, M. R. (2002). Keratinising squamous metaplasia of the bladder: natural history and rationalization of management based on review of 54 years experience. European urology, 42(5), 469-74.
Koay, E. J., Teh, B. S., Paulino, A. C., & Butler, E. B. (2011). A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results analysis of small cell carcinoma of the bladder: epidemiology, prognostic variables, and treatment trends. Cancer, 117(23), 5325-33.
Kondo, T., Nakazawa, H., Ito, F., Hashimoto, Y., Toma, H., & Tanabe, K. (2007). Primary site and incidence of lymph node metastases in urothelial carcinoma of upper urinary tract. Urology, 69(2), 265-9.
Lehmann, J., Franzaring, L., Thuroff, J., Wellek, S., & Stockle, M. (2006). Complete long-term survival data from a trial of adjuvant chemotherapy vs control after radical cystectomy for locally advanced bladder cancer. BJU international, 97(1), 42-7.
Leissner, J., Hohenfellner, R., Thuroff, J. W., & Wolf, H. K. (2000). Lymphadenectomy in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder; significance for staging and prognosis. BJU international, 85(7), 817-23.
Leow, J. J., Martin-Doyle, W., Rajagopal, P. S., Patel, C. G., Anderson, E. M., Rothman, A. T., ... Bellmunt, J. (2013). Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Invasive Bladder Cancer: A 2013 Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. European urology, 66(1), 42-54.
Li, G., Hu, J., & Niu, Y. (2018). Squamous differentiation in pT1 bladder urothelial carcinoma predicts poor response for intravesical chemotherapy. Oncotarget, 9(1), 217-223.
Loizzo, D., Pandolfo, S. D., Crocerossa, F., Guruli, G., Ferro, M., Paul, A. K., ... Autorino, R. (2022). Current Management of Urachal Carcinoma: An Evidence-based Guide for Clinical Practice. European urology open science, 39, 1-6.
Lughezzani, G., Jeldres, C., Isbarn, H., Shariat, S. F., Sun, M., Pharand, D., ... Karakiewicz, P. I. (2010). A critical appraisal of the value of lymph node dissection at nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Urology, 75(1), 118-24.
Macejko, A. M., Pazona, J. F., Loeb, S., Kimm, S., & Nadler, R. B. (2008). Management of distal ureter in laparoscopic nephroureterectomy--a comprehensive review of techniques. Urology, 72(5), 974-81.
Madersbacher, S., Schmidt, J., Eberle, J. M., Thoeny, H. C., Burkhard, F., Hochreiter, W., & Studer, U. E. (2003). Long-term outcome of ileal conduit diversion. The Journal of urology, 169(3), 985-90.
Margulis, V., Shariat, S. F., Matin, S. F., Kamat, A. M., Zigeuner, R., Kikuchi, E., ... Wood, C. G. (2009). Outcomes of radical nephroureterectomy: a series from the Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Collaboration. Cancer, 115(6), 1224-33.
Matin, S. F., Sfakianos, J. P., Espiritu, P. N., Coleman, J. A., & Spiess, P. E. (2015). Patterns of Lymphatic Metastases in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma and Proposed Dissection Templates. The Journal of urology, 194(6), 1567-74.
Matulay, J. T., Narayan, V. M., & Kamat, A. M. (2019). Clinical and Genomic Considerations for Variant Histology in Bladder Cancer. Current oncology reports, 21(3), 23.
Melicow, M. M. (1955). Tumors of the urinary bladder: a clinico-pathological analysis of over 2500 specimens and biopsies. The Journal of urology, 74(4), 498-521.
Millikan, R., Dinney, C., Swanson, D., Sweeney, P., Ro, J. Y., Smith, T. L., ... Logothetis, C. (2001). Integrated therapy for locally advanced bladder cancer: Final report of a randomized trial of cystectomy plus adjuvant M-VAC versus cystectomy with both preoperative and postoperative M-VAC. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 19(20), 4005-4013.
Mirza, A., & Choudhury, A. (2016). Bladder Preservation for Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. Bladder cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2(2), 151-163.
Moschini, M., D'Andrea, D., Korn, S., Irmak, Y., Soria, F., Compérat, E., & Shariat, S. F. (2017). Characteristics and clinical significance of histological variants of bladder cancer. Nature reviews. Urology, 14(11), 651-668.
Myers, J. B., & Lenherr, S. M. (2016). Perioperative and long-term surgical complications for the Indiana pouch and similar continent catheterizable urinary diversions. Current opinion in urology, 26(4), 376-82.
Neal, D. E. (1985). Complications of ileal conduit diversion in adults with cancer followed up for at least five years. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 290(6483), 1695-1697.
Necchi, A., Anichini, A., Raggi, D., Briganti, A., Massa, S., Lucianò, R., ... Montorsi, F. (2018). Pembrolizumab as Neoadjuvant Therapy Before Radical Cystectomy in Patients With Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma (PURE-01): An Open-Label, Single-Arm, Phase II Study. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 36(34), 3353-3360.
Nelles, J. L., Konety, B. R., Saigal, C., Pace, J., Lai, J., & Urologic Diseases in America Project (2008). Urethrectomy following cystectomy for bladder cancer in men: practice patterns and impact on survival. The Journal of urology, 180(5), 1933-6; discussion 1936-7.
Nguyen, D. P., Al Hussein Al Awamlh, B., Wu, X., O'Malley, P., Inoyatov, I. M., Ayangbesan, A., ... Scherr, D. S. (2015). Recurrence patterns after open and robot-assisted radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. European urology, 68(3), 399-405.
Ni, S., Tao, W., Chen, Q., Liu, L., Jiang, H., Hu, H., ... Wang, C. (2012). Laparoscopic versus open nephroureterectomy for the treatment of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: a systematic review and cumulative analysis of comparative studies. European urology, 61(6), 1142-53.
Nieuwenhuijzen, J. A., Bex, A., Meinhardt, W., Kerst, J. M., Schornagel, J. H., H, V. A. N. T., & Horenblas, S. (2005). Neoadjuvant methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin for histologically proven lymph node positive bladder cancer. The Journal of urology, 174(1), 80-5.
Novara, G., Catto, J. W., Wilson, T., Annerstedt, M., Chan, K., Murphy, D. G., ... Yuh, B. (2015). Systematic review and cumulative analysis of perioperative outcomes and complications after robot-assisted radical cystectomy. European urology, 67(3), 376-401.
O'Brien, T., Ray, E., Singh, R., Coker, B., & Beard, R. (2011). Prevention of bladder tumours after nephroureterectomy for primary upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: a prospective, multicentre, randomised clinical trial of a single postoperative intravesical dose of mitomycin C (the ODMIT-C Trial). European urology, 60(4), 703-10.
Paner, G. P., Lopez-Beltran, A., Sirohi, D., & Amin, M. B. (2016). Updates in the Pathologic Diagnosis and Classification of Epithelial Neoplasms of Urachal Origin. Advances in anatomic pathology, 23(2), 71-83.
Pfister, C., Gravis, G., Fléchon, A., Soulié, M., Guy, L., Laguerre, B., ... Culine, S. (2021). Randomized Phase III Trial of Dose-dense Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, and Cisplatin, or Gemcitabine and Cisplatin as Perioperative Chemotherapy for Patients with Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer. Analysis of the GETUG/AFU V05 VESPER Trial Secondary Endpoints: Chemotherapy Toxicity and Pathological Responses. European urology, 79(2), 214-221.
Pfister, C., Gravis, G., Fléchon, A., Chevreau, C., Mahammedi, H., Laguerre, B., ... Culine, S. (2022). Dose-Dense Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, and Cisplatin or Gemcitabine and Cisplatin as Perioperative Chemotherapy for Patients With Nonmetastatic Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Results of the GETUG-AFU V05 VESPER Trial. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 40(18), 2013-2022.
Plimack, E. R., Hoffman-Censits, J. H., Viterbo, R., Trabulsi, E. J., Ross, E. A., Greenberg, R. E., ... Hudes, G. R. (2014). Accelerated Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, and Cisplatin Is Safe, Effective, and Efficient Neoadjuvant Treatment for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Results of a Multicenter Phase II Study With Molecular Correlates of Response and Toxicity. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 32(18), 1895-901.
Ploussard, G., Daneshmand, S., Efstathiou, J. A., Herr, H. W., James, N. D., Rodel, C. M., ... Kassouf, W. (2014). Critical Analysis of Bladder Sparing with Trimodal Therapy in Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review. European urology, 66(1), 120-137.
Porter, M. P., Kerrigan, M. C., Donato, B. M., & Ramsey, S. D. (2011). Patterns of use of systemic chemotherapy for Medicare beneficiaries with urothelial bladder cancer. Urologic oncology, 29(3), 252-8.
Porter, M. P., Gore, J. L., & Wright, J. L. (2011). Hospital volume and 90-day mortality risk after radical cystectomy: a population-based cohort study. World journal of urology, 29(1), 73-7.
Poulsen, A. L., Horn, T., & Steven, K. (1998). Radical cystectomy: extending the limits of pelvic lymph node dissection improves survival for patients with bladder cancer confined to the bladder wall. The Journal of urology, 160(6 Pt 1), 2015-9; discussion 2020.
Powles, T., Kockx, M., Rodriguez-Vida, A., Duran, I., Crabb, S. J., Van Der Heijden, M. S., ... Castellano, D. (2019). Clinical efficacy and biomarker analysis of neoadjuvant atezolizumab in operable urothelial carcinoma in the ABACUS trial. Nature medicine, 25(11), 1706-1714.
Rodriguez, J. F., Packiam, V. T., Boysen, W. R., Johnson, S. C., Smith, Z. L., Smith, N. D., ... Steinberg, G. D. (2017). Utilization and Outcomes of Nephroureterectomy for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma by Surgical Approach. Journal of endourology, 31(7), 661-665.
Roscigno, M., Brausi, M., Heidenreich, A., Lotan, Y., Margulis, V., Shariat, S. F., ... Zigeuner, R. (2011). Lymphadenectomy at the time of nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial cancer. European urology, 60(4), 776-83.
Roscigno, M., Shariat, S. F., Margulis, V., Karakiewicz, P., Remzi, M., Kikuchi, E., ... Montorsi, F. (2009). The extent of lymphadenectomy seems to be associated with better survival in patients with nonmetastatic upper-tract urothelial carcinoma: how many lymph nodes should be removed?. European urology, 56(3), 512-8.
Rose, T. L., Harrison, M. R., Deal, A. M., Ramalingam, S., Whang, Y. E., Brower, B., ... Milowsky, M. I. (2021). Phase II Study of Gemcitabine and Split-Dose Cisplatin Plus Pembrolizumab as Neoadjuvant Therapy Before Radical Cystectomy in Patients With Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 39(28), 3140-3148.
Roth, B., Wissmeyer, M. P., Zehnder, P., Birkhauser, F. D., Thalmann, G. N., Krause, T. M., & Studer, U. E. (2010). A new multimodality technique accurately maps the primary lymphatic landing sites of the bladder. European urology, 57(2), 205-11.
Rouprët, M., Babjuk, M., Compérat, E., Zigeuner, R., Sylvester, R., Burger, M., ... Shariat, S. F. (2013). European guidelines on upper tract urothelial carcinomas: 2013 update. European urology, 63(6), 1059-71.
Sanchez-Ortiz, R. F., Huang, W. C., Mick, R., Van Arsdalen, K. N., Wein, A. J., & Malkowicz, S. B. (2003). An interval longer than 12 weeks between the diagnosis of muscle invasion and cystectomy is associated with worse outcome in bladder carcinoma. The Journal of urology, 169(1), 110-115.
Scosyrev, E., Ely, B. W., Messing, E. M., Speights, V. O., Grossman, H. B., Wood, D. P., ... Thompson, I. M. (2011). Do mixed histological features affect survival benefit from neoadjuvant platinum-based combination chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced bladder cancer? A secondary analysis of Southwest Oncology Group-Directed Intergroup Study (S8710). BJU international, 108(5), 693-9.
Seisen, T., Krasnow, R. E., Bellmunt, J., Rouprêt, M., Leow, J. J., Lipsitz, S. R., ... Chang, S. L. (2017). Effectiveness of Adjuvant Chemotherapy After Radical Nephroureterectomy for Locally Advanced and/or Positive Regional Lymph Node Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 35(8), 852-860.
Shabsigh, A., Korets, R., Vora, K. C., Brooks, C. M., Cronin, A. M., Savage, C., ... Donat, S. M. (2009). Defining early morbidity of radical cystectomy for patients with bladder cancer using a standardized reporting methodology. European urology, 55(1), 164-74.
Shapur, N. K., Katz, R., Pode, D., Shapiro, A., Yutkin, V., Pizov, G., ... Gofrit, O. N. (2011). Is radical cystectomy mandatory in every patient with variant histology of bladder cancer. Rare Tumors, 3(2), e22.
Siefker-Radtke, A. (2012). Urachal adenocarcinoma: a clinician's guide for treatment. Seminars in Oncology, 39(5), 619-24.
Simone, G., Papalia, R., Guaglianone, S., Ferriero, M., Leonardo, C., Forastiere, E., & Gallucci, M. (2009). Laparoscopic versus open nephroureterectomy: perioperative and oncologic outcomes from a randomised prospective study. European urology, 56(3), 520-6.
Skinner, D. G., Daniels, J. R., Russell, C. A., Lieskovsky, G., Boyd, S. D., Nichols, P., ... Groshen, S. (1991). The role of adjuvant chemotherapy following cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer: a prospective comparative trial. The Journal of urology, 145(3), 459-64; discussion 464-7.
Son, S. K., Lee, N. R., Kang, S. H., & Lee, S. H. (2017). Safety and Effectiveness of Robot-Assisted Versus Open Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of laparoendoscopic & advanced surgical techniques. Part A, 27(11), 1109-1120.
Spiess, P. E., Kassouf, W., Brown, G., Highshaw, R., Wang, X., Do, K. A., ... Grossman, H. B. (2006). Immediate versus staged urethrectomy in patients at high risk of urethral recurrence: is there a benefit to either approach?. Urology, 67(3), 466-71.
Stein, J. P., Clark, P., Miranda, G., Cai, J., Groshen, S., & Skinner, D. G. (2005). Urethral tumor recurrence following cystectomy and urinary diversion: clinical and pathological characteristics in 768 male patients. The Journal of urology, 173(4), 1163-8.
Stenzl, A., Nagele, U., Kuczyk, M., Sievert, K., Anastasiadis, A., Seibold, J., & Corvin, S. (2005). Cystectomy - Technical Considerations in Male and Female Patients. EAU Update Series, 3(3), 138-146.
Stenzl, A., Bartsch, G., & Rogatsch, H. (2002). The remnant urothelium after reconstructive bladder surgery. European urology, 41(2), 124-31.
Sternberg, C. N., Pansadoro, V., Calabro, F., Schnetzer, S., Giannarelli, D., Emiliozzi, P., ... Amini, M. (2003). Can patient selection for bladder preservation be based on response to chemotherapy?. Cancer, 97(7), 1644-1652.
Sternberg, C. N., Bellmunt, J., Sonpavde, G., Siefker-Radtke, A. O., Stadler, W. M., Bajorin, D. F., ... International Consultation on Urologic Disease-European Association of Urology Consultation on Bladder, C. (2013). ICUD-EAU International Consultation on Bladder Cancer 2012: Chemotherapy for urothelial carcinoma-neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. European urology, 63(1), 58-66.
Sternberg, C. N., Skoneczna, I., Kerst, J. M., Albers, P., Fossa, S. D., Agerbaek, M., ... Sylvester, R. (2015). Immediate versus deferred chemotherapy after radical cystectomy in patients with pT3-pT4 or N+ M0 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (EORTC 30994): an intergroup, open-label, randomised phase 3 trial. The Lancet. Oncology, 16(1), 76-86.
Stockle, M., Meyenburg, W., Wellek, S., Voges, G. E., Rossmann, M., Gertenbach, U., ... Hohenfellner, R. (1995). Adjuvant Polychemotherapy of Nonorgan-Confined Bladder-Cancer after Radical Cystectomy Revisited - Long-Term Results of a Controlled Prospective-Study and Further Clinical-Experience. The Journal of urology, 153(1), 47-52.
Studer, U. E., & Collette, L. (2006). Morbidity from pelvic lymphadenectomy in men undergoing radical prostatectomy. European urology, 50(5), 887-9; discussion 889-92.
Svatek, R. S., Shariat, S. F., Lasky, R. E., Skinner, E. C., Novara, G., Lerner, S. P., ... Dinney, C. P. (2010). The effectiveness of off-protocol adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 16(17), 4461-7.
Sweeney, M. K., Rais-Bahrami, S., & Gordetsky, J. (2017). Inverted urothelial papilloma: A review of diagnostic pitfalls and clinical management. Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada, 11(1-2), 66-69.
Szarvas, T., Módos, O., Niedworok, C., Reis, H., Szendröi, A., Szász, M. A., & Nyirády, P. (2016). Clinical, prognostic, and therapeutic aspects of urachal carcinoma-A comprehensive review with meta-analysis of 1,010 cases. Urologic oncology, 34(9), 388-98.
Tan, W. S., Khetrapal, P., Tan, W. P., Rodney, S., Chau, M., & Kelly, J. D. (2016). Robotic Assisted Radical Cystectomy with Extracorporeal Urinary Diversion Does Not Show a Benefit over Open Radical Cystectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. PLoS one, 11(11), e0166221.
Tanrikut, C., & McDougal, W. S. (2004). Acid-base and electrolyte disorders after urinary diversion. World The Journal of urology, 22(3), 168-71.
Thoeny, H. C., Sonnenschein, M. J., Madersbacher, S., Vock, P., & Studer, U. E. (2002). Is ileal orthotopic bladder substitution with an afferent tubular segment detrimental to the upper urinary tract in the long term?. The Journal of urology, 168(5), 2030-2034.
Torbrand, C., Håkansson, U., Ehrnström, R., & Liedberg, F. (2017). Diagnosing Distal Urethral Carcinomas in Men Might Be Only the Tip of the Iceberg. Clinical genitourinary cancer, 15(6), e1131-e1135.
Tunio, M. A., Hashmi, A., Qayyum, A., Mohsin, R., & Zaeem, A. (2012). Whole-pelvis or bladder-only chemoradiation for lymph node-negative invasive bladder cancer: single-institution experience. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 82(3), e457-62.
Veskimae, E., Neuzillet, Y., Rouanne, M., MacLennan, S., Lam, T. B. L., Yuan, Y., ... Lebret, T. (2017). Systematic review of the oncological and functional outcomes of pelvic organ-preserving radical cystectomy (RC) compared with standard RC in women who undergo curative surgery and orthotopic neobladder substitution for bladder cancer. BJU international, 120(1), 12-24.
Vetterlein, M. W., Seisen, T., May, M., Nuhn, P., Gierth, M., Mayr, R., ... Aziz, A. (2018). Effectiveness of Adjuvant Chemotherapy After Radical Cystectomy for Locally Advanced and/or Pelvic Lymph Node-Positive Muscle-invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: A Propensity Score-Weighted Competing Risks Analysis. European urology focus, 4(2), 252-259.
Vetterlein, M. W., Wankowicz, S. A. M., Seisen, T., Lander, R., Löppenberg, B., Chun, F. K., ... Preston, M. A. (2017). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer with variant histology. Cancer, 123(22), 4346-4355.
Wang, J. K., Tollefson, M. K., Krambeck, A. E., Trost, L. W., & Thompson, R. H. (2012). High rate of pathologic upgrading at nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Urology, 79(3), 615-9.
Widmark, A., Flodgren, P., Damber, J. E., Hellsten, S., & Cavallin-Stahl, E. (2003). A systematic overview of radiation therapy effects in urinary bladder cancer. Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden), 42(5-6), 567-581.
Wiesner, C., Stein, R., Pahernik, S., Hahn, K., Melchior, S. W., & Thuroff, J. W. (2006). Long-term followup of the intussuscepted ileal nipple and the in situ, submucosally embedded appendix as continence mechanisms of continent urinary diversion with the cutaneous ileocecal pouch (Mainz pouch I). The Journal of urology, 176(1), 155-159.
Wiesner, C., Bonfig, R., Stein, R., Gerharz, E. W., Pahernik, S., Riedmiller, H., & Thuroff, J. W. (2006). Continent cutaneous urinary diversion: long-term follow-up of more than 800 patients with ileocecal reservoirs. World journal of urology, 24(3), 315-318.
Willis, D., & Kamat, A. M. (2015). Nonurothelial bladder cancer and rare variant histologies. Hematology/oncology clinics of North America, 29(2), 237-52, viii.
Willis, D. L., Fernandez, M. I., Dickstein, R. J., Parikh, S., Shah, J. B., Pisters, L. L., ... Kamat, A. M. (2015). Clinical outcomes of cT1 micropapillary bladder cancer. The Journal of urology, 193(4), 1129-34.
Wilson, T. G., Guru, K., Rosen, R. C., Wiklund, P., Annerstedt, M., Bochner, B. H., ... Catto, J. (2015). Best practices in robot-assisted radical cystectomy and urinary reconstruction: recommendations of the Pasadena Consensus Panel. European urology, 67(3), 363-75.
Wood, D. N., Allen, S. E., Hussain, M., Greenwell, T. J., & Shah, P. J. R. (2004). Stomal complications of ileal conduits are significantly higher when formed in women with intractable urinary incontinence. The Journal of urology, 172(6), 2300-2303.
Yafi, F. A., Tanguay, S., Rendon, R., Jacobsen, N., Fairey, A., Izawa, J., ... Kassouf, W. (2014). Adjuvant chemotherapy for upper-tract urothelial carcinoma treated with nephroureterectomy: assessment of adequate renal function and influence on outcome. Urologic oncology, 32(1), 31.e17-24.
Yin, M., Joshi, M., Meijer, R. P., Glantz, M., Holder, S., Harvey, H. A., ... Drabick, J. J. (2016). Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Two-Step Meta-Analysis. The oncologist, 21(6), 708-15.
Yu, Y. D., Ko, Y. H., Kim, J. W., Jung, S. I., Kang, S. H., Park, J., ... Oh, J. J. (2021). The Prognosis and Oncological Predictor of Urachal Carcinoma of the Bladder: A Large Scale Multicenter Cohort Study Analyzed 203 Patients With Long Term Follow-Up. Frontiers in oncology, 11, 683190.
Yuh, B., Wilson, T., Bochner, B., Chan, K., Palou, J., Stenzl, A., ... Novara, G. (2015). Systematic review and cumulative analysis of oncologic and functional outcomes after robot-assisted radical cystectomy. European urology, 67(3), 402-22.
Zehnder, P., Studer, U. E., Skinner, E. C., Dorin, R. P., Cai, J., Roth, B., ... Skinner, D. G. (2011). Super extended versus extended pelvic lymph node dissection in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: a comparative study. The Journal of urology, 186(4), 1261-8.
Zietman, A. L., Sacco, D., Skowronski, U., Gomery, P., Kaufman, D. S., Clark, J. A., ... Shipley, W. U. (2003). Organ conservation in invasive bladder cancer by transurethral resection, chemotherapy and radiation: results of a urodynamic and quality of life study on long-term survivors. The Journal of urology, 170(5), 1772-6.