Palliativ behandling ved lokalavansert inoperabel tumor og metastasisk sykdom

Sist oppdatert: 28.03.2025
Utgiver: Helsedirektoratet
Versjon: 1.0
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De fleste pasienter med pankreaskreft vil ikke være kandidater for kurativ kirurgi på diagnosetidspunktet; enten på grunn av lokalavansert tumorvekst, eller på grunn av metastaser (oftest i lever, lunge, lymfeknuter eller peritoneum). Av de som blir operert, får 80-90 % tilbakefall av sykdommen (Groot et al., 2019; Labori et al., 2016). Leveutsiktene er begrenset, og median overlevelse ved metastatisk sykdom er 6-9 mnd., og ved lokalavansert sykdom 9-12 mnd. (Neoptolemos et al., 2018).

De fleste pasientene med pankreaskreft vil i løpet av sykdomsforløpet ha behov for ulike palliative tiltak. Symptomer som smerter, kvalme, ikterus og ernæringsproblemer oppstår hos mange på bakgrunn av obstruksjon av galleveier og/eller mage-tarm traktus samt affeksjon av nerver på bakre bukvegg. Obstruksjonen kan skyldes både lokal tumorvekst og carcinomatose. Sykdommen medfører ofte betydelig vekttap og redusert allmenntilstand. Hovedhensikten med både tumor- og symptomrettet palliativ behandling er å lindre og forebygge plager, slik at pasienten både kan ha best mulig livskvalitet og oppnå forlenget levetid.

En multidisiplinær tilnærming er avgjørende for å vurdere og avhjelpe de overnevnte symptomene (Conrad et al., 2012). Samarbeid med en palliativ enhet vil ofte være nødvendig da mange pasienter kan få behov for mer avansert smertebehandling i form av smertepumper og/eller nerveblokade (spesielt coeliacus blokkade).

Det er et mål at pasienten i størst mulig grad skal kunne være hjemme, eller i nærheten av sitt hjem og sine pårørende, og motta nødvendig smertebehandling og omsorgstjenester der, selv om dette selvsagt ikke må gå på bekostning av adekvat symptomlindring.

For mer utfyllende retningslinjer for palliasjon vises til Nasjonalt handlingsprogram med retningslinjer for palliasjon i kreftomsorgen.

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